At times, difficult security and political conditions may make conflict seem unavoidable. However, what matters more than conflict is the building of a unified, law-based state with a functioning and cooperative system of governance. Somalia 🇸🇴 has faced decades of complex challenges that have affected its stability and reconstruction. Today, however, another growing obstacle has become increasingly visible—the tension between the federal government and the federal member states.
Since the collapse of the central government in 1991, Somalia has endured prolonged instability marked by civil war, economic destruction, and the emergence of extremist groups that threaten national security. In addition, foreign interference—both from neighboring countries and international actors—has further complicated the political landscape. Somalia’s strategic geographic location has also made it a focal point of competing global interests.
Despite these challenges, an internal political issue continues to intensify: the lack of alignment and cooperation between the federal government and federal member states. Somalia’s federal system was designed to promote power-sharing, cooperation, and mutual trust. However, in practice, there are increasing instances where federal member states appear to overstep their mandates and assume powers that constitutionally belong to the central government.
According to the constitutional framework, the federal government holds key national responsibilities. These include building and managing the national army, conducting foreign policy, unifying national revenue systems, and overseeing airspace and aviation. Additionally, critical institutions such as the central bank, intelligence agencies, and immigration services fall under federal authority to ensure national unity and security.
However, there have been repeated cases where some federal member states resist the formation of a unified national army or oppose the establishment of federal military bases within their territories. In some instances, they have engaged directly with foreign governments without coordination with the federal government. Such actions risk undermining national unity and pose a serious threat to state sovereignty.
Political tensions have also escalated to the point where federal leaders are sometimes restricted from traveling freely within the country, including being denied access to regional airports. This reflects a deepening divide that weakens trust and undermines the principles of federalism.
On the other hand, the federal government has often demonstrated restraint and compromise in an effort to preserve unity and stability. However, excessive concessions, if not carefully managed, may embolden federal member states to further expand their authority beyond constitutional limits, creating a system lacking clear structure and accountability.
When assessing the performance of the federal government, it is essential to consider the broader national context, including the level of cooperation among different levels of government. A functional state cannot exist without a clear division of powers, respect for the rule of law, and genuine collaboration. While criticism of the federal government is valid in any democratic system, it does not justify disengagement or unilateral actions by federal member states that undermine national cohesion.
Ultimately, one of the most significant challenges facing Somalia today is the conduct and political approach of some federal member state leaders, who are seen as obstructing national progress. Addressing this issue requires meaningful political dialogue, patience, and a clear, strategic vision that brings all stakeholders together.
If divisive political attitudes are not overcome, Somalia’s state-building efforts will remain fragile. The responsibility to safeguard and rebuild the nation lies with all Somalis—leaders and citizens alike. Whether through dialogue, political reform, or, if necessary, firm measures, preserving national unity and sovereignty must remain the top priority.
